Mg at 07:53, 28 May 2010

2010-05-28T07:53:59Z

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Sukuk is an Arabic term in plural (singular Sakk) meaning certificates. It is the root of the English word for cheque.

Sukuk are securitised assets or business. Unlike conventional ABS structures, Sukuk need to have an underlying tangible asset transaction either in ownership, usufruct or business. Most Sukuk issued, however, rely on the credit risk of the issuer rather than on the quality of the assets. They are structured to have a similar pay off and risk/return profil like conventional (in Islamic law impermissible) bonds, which are based on loan contracts instead.

==Limited Applications==

The securitisation of pure cash flow streams from credit portfolios as undertaken in the mortgage market, for instance, cannot be structured in the same way. One example of this limitation is with murabaha sukuk, which cannot be traded at values other than par because the certificateholder does not have claim on a tangible asset and instead only has claim to a stream of future cash flows. The [[Islamic Development Bank]] has issued several sukuk that are hybrid sukuk based on a pool of [[ijara]], [[istisnaa]] and [[murabaha]] contracts. To ensure Shari'ah-compliance and tradability, the sukuk assets with few exceptions must be composed of at least 51% ijara contracts. Because an ijara contract transfers ownership of an asset to the certificateholder, it is allowed to be traded at values other than its par value.

==Notable defaults==

A properly designed Sukuk limits the debt to no more than the value of the underlying assets. However, in certain cases like the decline in real estate values backing sukuk in the recent financial crisis, the assets may not be sufficient to cover the value of the sukuk. Also, the issuer may run into cash flow problems that leads to a formal default under the sukuk offering circular or prospectus. In cases of default, there are few instances where the default has been resolved through the legal system and there remains significant uncertainty about how defaults are resolved.

* Saad and Algosaibi Group
* The Investment Dar
* East Cameron Partners

==Further reading==
*[http://www.zawya.com/printstory.cfm?storyid=ZAWYA20061219122619&l=081434061220 Sukuk Structures] by Michael Saleh Gassner
*[http://www.islamicfinance.de/files/Gassner_Revisiting%20Islamic%20Bonds_March08-1.pdf Revisiting Islamic bonds I] by Michael Saleh Gassner
*[http://www.islamicfinance.de/files/Gassner_Revisiting%20Islamic_April08.pdf Revisiting Islamic bonds II] by Michael Saleh Gassner
*[http://www.islamicfinance.de/?q=node/762 DIFC Sukuk Guide]
*[http://bondinfo.bnm.gov.my/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_22874_2153_313_0_43/http%3B/hqblkhub.w2k.bnm.gov.my%3B7070/BondInfoHub/image.svc?imageId=5.pdf Malaysia Debt Securities and Sukuk Market, A Guide for Issuers and Investors] by Bank Negara Malaysia and Securities Commission Malaysia, 2009
*[http://www.islamicfinance.de/?q=node/723 Zawya Sukuk Report]
*[http://www.institutfrancaisdefinanceislamique.fr/docs/files/European%20Sukuk%20Issue.pdf BLME EUROPEAN SUKUK ISSUE - A SURVEY INTO CHARACTERISTICS AND POTENTIAL DEMAND by BLME, London, UK]
*[http://www.islamicfinance.de/sukukrisks.pdf Managing Financial Risks of Sukuk Structures. Master Thesis for download.] by Ali Arsalan Tariq
*[http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1504273 Standardization and Authenticity in the Global Sukuk Market] by Armen V. Papazian
*[http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1087156 Sukuk vs. Eurobonds: Is There a Difference in Value-at-Risk?] by Selim Cakir and Faezeh Raei
*[http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1357371 Islamic Bond Issuance - What Sovereign Debt Managers Need to Know] by Andreas A. Jobst et al
*[http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1148360 Islamic Securitisation: Part I - Accommodating the Disingenuous Narrative] by Mohammad Saad Lahlou, Joseph Atangan Tanega
*[http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1150147 Islamic Securitisation: Part II - A Proposal for International Standards, Legal Guidelines and Structures] by Mohammad Saad Lahlou, Joseph Atangan Tanega
*[http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=970682 The Economics of Islamic Finance and Securitization] by Andreas A. Jobst
*[http://www.isra.my/fatwas/investment-banking/modes-of-sukuks.html Modes of Sukuk, AAOIFI decision]
*[http://www.box.net/shared/5uq2doaqm5 Moody's Report: The Future of Sukuk, Substance over form?]

==Bibliography==
*[[Nathif J. Adam]] and [[Abdulkader Thomas]],[http://books.google.de/books?id=BswFzpTbP74C&dq=sukuk&lr=&as_brr=1&source=gbs_navlinks_s "Islamic bonds: your guide to issuing, structuring and investing in sukuk"] , Euromoney Books, 2004. (ISBN 1843741288, 9781843741282)

==External Links==

* [http://gulfbondsukuk.com/ Gulf Bond and Sukuk Association¨]
* [http://www.sukuk.me/ Sukuk.me Website about Sukuk]
* [http://www.islamicfinance.de/?q=taxonomy/term/68 Sukuk Newsfeed of IslamicFinance.de]
* [http://sukuk.me/library/Dow%20Jones%20-%20Sukuk_Fact.pdf Dow Jones Citigroup® Sukuk Index]
* [http://www.difxhsbcindices.com/default.aspx HSBC/ DIFX Family of Indices including Sukuk]

Sukuk - Revision history

Mg at 07:53, 28 May 2010